Bookmark

Sign up or login to use the bookmarking feature.

21 Other Narrative Forms

Page
155
from

Other Narrative Forms Chapter Opener

Start-Up Activity

Ask your students what makes a good story—specifically a true story (a narrative). They may list adjectives, such as funny, exciting, suspenseful, or mysterious. They might list parts of a strong story: who is in it (characters), where and when it happens (setting), what is going on (plot), and what it means (theme). They might simply say a good story is the one you want to hear over and over, the one that makes you forget everything else and just listen (or watch).

All of these are excellent responses. But you might want to point out another important aspect of stories: They are our chief way of making meaning. When we read the news, we want "the full story." When we worry about someone, we want to know "the story behind what is going on." Indeed, the reason we don't remember back before we were three years old is that that is the age when we started to track our own story. Psychologists refer to it as developing an autobiographical memory, which gathers experiences together into a narrative of one's own life. So, our very identities are elaborate stories we are telling ourselves.

In this chapter, students will get to explore other narrative forms, discovering and telling their own stories.

See the Thoughtful Learning Web site for more free examples of narrative writing.

Think About It

“Every story I create, creates me. I write to create myself.”

—Octavia E. Butler

TEKS Covered in This Chapter

Page 156 from Write Ahead

Sample Phase Autobiography

Emphasize to students that a phase autobiography is about the passage of time. It does not detail the events of an afternoon, but of a summer, or a winter, or some other extended period. In other words, they must take what they have learned about narrating singular events and extend it into narrating whole seasons. They can do all they did before, but they need to be even more selective in deciding what to share and in connecting ideas with time-order transitions.

Share this tip with students: When they move from one event to another, the transition should tell not only how much time has passed, but also why the next event is important in the story. So, instead of simply writing, "Next," "A month later," and "Afterward," students should write "The next time I faced down my fear," and "A month later, I discovered the real meaning of fear," and "Afterward, I knew I could overcome any fear I had."

Have volunteers read each paragraph from the sample phase autobiography. After finishing on the next page, lead a discussion of the model. (See below for suggestions.)

LAFS Standard:
NE ELA Standard:

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Theme:
English Language Arts:

Page 157 from Write Ahead

Phase Autobiography (Cont.)

Finish reading the phase autobiography. Then lead a discussion, using some of the following prompts:

  • How does the writer draw you in at the beginning of the essay?
  • What dialogue caught your attention?
  • What was your favorite detail from the essay?
  • How does the writer transition from one major event to another in the essay?
  • How does the writer leave readers with something to think about?

After students discuss the sample phase autobiography, invite them to talk about the things they are passionate about. Ask them how they became interested in the topic. Ask what they have done to explore their interest. Help them realize that their passions can give them topic ideas for writing their own phase autobiographies.

LAFS Standard:
NE ELA Standard:

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

English Language Arts:

Page 158 from Write Ahead

Writing Guidelines

Have your students review the topic ideas at the top of this page. If students need more possibilities, direct them to the lists on Write Ahead pages 44–45.

After they have selected a topic, have them gather details using the Gathering Grid that you provide.

LAFS Standard:
NE ELA Standard:

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

English Language Arts:

Page 159 from Write Ahead

Writing, Revising, and Editing

Once students complete their prewriting, lead them through the guidelines for writing their phase autobiographies.

For the middle section, emphasize the plot diagram, which will help them select the most important details and arrange them in an ascending order to reach a critical moment. To help them with this process, download and distribute the Plot Chart for them to fill in.

Also, provide students with the Phase Autobiography Revising and Editing Checklist to help them complete their works.

LAFS Standard:
NE ELA Standard:

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

English Language Arts:

Page 160 from Write Ahead

Sample Biographical Essay

Help students understand that a biographical essay is a narrative that focuses on someone else's life. The purpose is to show who the person is and why the person is important. Have volunteers read each paragraph in the sample biographical essay. After finishing the essay on the next page, lead a discussion about it (see the suggestions below).

LAFS Standard:
NE ELA Standard:

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Form:
English Language Arts:

Page 161 from Write Ahead

Sample Biographical Essay (Cont.)

Have volunteers continue to read each paragraph of the sample essay. Then lead a discussion about it, prompting students with questions like these:

  • How does the writer get your attention at the beginning? (By telling of a traumatic experience of her subject as a young man)
  • Who is Officer Robert Foley? (A D.A.R.E officer)
  • Why does the writer feel he is important? (He speaks to students about drug use because of losing his own father to a drunk driver.)
  • What details most vividly capture Officer Foley's life?
  • What final thought does the writer leave you with? (Thinking before acting)

After this discussion, ask students who they know that is admirable, doing something important for the good of others. Let the resulting conversation lead students toward possible topics for their own biographical essays.

LAFS Standard:
NE ELA Standard:

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Form:
English Language Arts:

Page 162 from Write Ahead

Writing Guidelines

Use this page to support your students as they select a topic for their biographical essays and gather information about their topics. Help students know that this essay gives them a chance to make a human connection in their research, finding out more about someone important in their lives or their communities. At the least, an email interview with the subject would be helpful, but a face-to-face interview would be even better. Direct students to Write Ahead page 444 to find more about interviewing others.

LAFS Standard:
NE ELA Standard:

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Form:
English Language Arts:

Page 163 from Write Ahead

Writing the First Draft

As you can see from the layout of this page, the most challenging part of writing a biographical essay is knowing what to focus on. Another person's life could, of course, fill many volumes of books, so deciding what to include can be difficult. Use the top two thirds of the page to help your students narrow down the materials they have discovered about their subjects to the events and information that will most help them achieve their purpose.

Then lead students through the supports for writing the beginning, middle, and ending of their drafts.

LAFS Standard:
NE ELA Standard:

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Form:
English Language Arts:

Page 164 from Write Ahead

Revising

Download and distribute the Biography Revising Checklist to help your students make large-scale improvements to their biographies. As an alternative, you could provide the general Revising Checklist. Also, you can use the Response Sheet to help students give constructive revision suggestions to peers.

Contrast "Revising in Action" (which adds a lengthy phrase) to "Editing in Action" (which changes two words and adds a comma). In other words, revising deals with big changes to ideas, organization, voice, words, and sentences. Editing deals with small changes to conventions.

LAFS Standard:
NE ELA Standard:

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

Form:
English Language Arts:

Page 165 from Write Ahead

Responding to a Narrative Prompt

Help your students understand that, in assessment situations, answering the prompt is key. That's why students need to carefully analyze each prompt in order to write an on-target response. The PAST strategy that students used when writing their narratives (page 149) can help. After carefully reading the prompt, students should analyze the Purpose, Audience, Subject, and Type of writing required.

Then, students should jot down a quick list of ideas for a response. Having taken five minutes ahead of time to think about the prompt and organize details, students will be much more effective in writing a response.

Have students read through the sample response, noting how it introduces the subject and focus and follows the organization of the quick list.

LAFS Standard:
NE ELA Standard:

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

English Language Arts:

Page 166 from Write Ahead

Sample Response (Cont.)

Have volunteers finish reading the sample response to the narrative prompt. Then lead a discussion of it:

  • How did the writer get the reader's attention at the beginning? (By telling about a difficult year)
  • What events did the writer choose to relate? (An important student-teacher conference and the weeks following)
  • How did the writer build suspense about the conference? (By making readers expect a very negative response from the teacher)
  • How did the writer wrap up the narrative? (By reflecting on her intelligence and the choices she had been making)

Help students understand that when they respond to a narrative prompt, they need to tell a true story about their lives—one that answers the prompt.

LAFS Standard:
NE ELA Standard:

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site

English Language Arts:

Page 167 from Write Ahead

Writing Guidelines

Lead your students through the writing guidelines on this page, helping them understand that timed writings use a shortened version of the writing process. The same strategies they have learned for prewriting, writing, revising, and editing will come in handy as they respond.

Emphasize the importance of analyzing the prompt using the PAST strategy to create an on-target response. Then describe how to create an effective beginning, middle, and ending. Finally, support their revisions by downloading and distributing the Narrative Revising and Editing Checklist.

When you are ready for students to practice on-demand writing, give them a set time period (between 35–50 minutes), and provide them this prompt:

You've probably heard that experience is the best teacher. What experiences have you had outside of school that have taught you something important? What events helped change the course of your life for the better? Choose an important experience you have had and write a narrative that tells the story of what happened and shows what you learned from it. Include sensory details, dialogue, and reflections so that other students can experience the event right along with you.

The PAST analysis of this prompt should look like this:

Purpose: To tell a story and show what you learned

Audience: Other students

Subject: An experience outside of school that taught you something

Type: A narrative

You can also download and distribute the Narrative Assessment Rubric to help students self-assess their finished writing.

LAFS Standard:
NE ELA Standard:

Related Resource Tags

Click to view a list of tags that tie into other resources on our site