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20 Writing Personal Narratives

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Writing Personal Narratives Chapter Opener

Start-Up Activity

Ask students what funny things have happened recently to them, friends, and family. To get the ball rolling, tell about a funny event from your own life (preferably something a little self-deprecating). Your example will embolden students to tell stories about themselves. Encourage storytellers, and lead the class in laughter.

After a few students have shared, tell them, "Before phones and computers and TVs, this is what we used to do. We'd sit around a campfire and tell these stories and entertain each other. But it's not just entertainment. It's also how we remember important events and the people we care about. It's how we make sense of our lives. Narratives are powerful tools for entertainment but also for making meaning. A narrative can be a story about getting your shoe stuck on fresh bubble gum on a sidewalk, or it can be Romeo and Juliet, or anything in between." This chapter will help students tell their own stories, from sticky bubble gum to life-changing events.

Think About It

“The one thing that you have that nobody else has is you. Your voice, your mind, your story, your vision. So write and draw and build and play and dance and live as only you can.”

—Neil Gaiman

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Understanding Narrative Writing

Traditionally, narrative writing has been taught early in the "Universe of Discourse" because it is personal and therefore easier and more familiar to students than explanatory or persuasive writing. But the greatest writing in the Western World is largely narrative in form, from Shakespeare through the Bible. In other words, the narrative is the easiest form to start with and the hardest form to fully master. That's because a narrative has to engage readers with a story that progresses and evolves in ways that other writing does not have to do.

Lead your students through the elements on this page. These are the tools that writers have to build compelling narratives. In particular, note the plot diagram. In the past, it has primarily described fictional stories, but true narratives also must follow this pattern to engage readers. A narrative is not just "This happened. Then this other thing happened. Then this third thing happened. . . ." Instead, it must build a sequence of events around a central conflict or question to a high point, with a quick resolution.

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Sample Personal Narrative

Have volunteers read each paragraph of this personal narrative. After completing it on the next page, lead a discussion (see the suggestions below).

Also share with students other examples of high school narrative writing.

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Page 148 from Write Ahead

Sample Personal Narrative (Cont.)

Complete your read-through of the sample personal narrative. Then lead a discussion, prompting students with questions like the following:

  • How does the writer grab your interest in the first paragraph? (The final sentence creates foreshadowing of something bad that will happen.)
  • What dialogue seemed most surprising to you?
  • What sensory details does the writer use to help the reader experience the events?
  • What is the point of highest tension? (Finding out what was wrong with Jermaine.)
  • What did the writer learn from the experience? (Friends are more important than winning at sports.)

If you feel that a particular class is mature enough to share deeply personal stories of this kind, you can ask if any students have witnessed the illness or injury of someone close to them. Tell the whole class that you expect respect and support for anyone who shares. Again, to get the ball rolling, you can share one of your own experiences of this type. Invite students to share their experiences with the rest of the class. As long as students don't become overwhelmed by the emotion of the situation, the experience of sharing challenging stories can help them appreciate and trust each other.

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Page 149 from Write Ahead

Writing Guidelines

Help your students use the PAST strategy to think about their own personal narratives. This acronym points students to each part of the rhetorical situation of a writing assignment: Purpose, Audience, Subject, and Type of writing. It works with any writing situation, helping students be mindful of why they are writing, to whom, about what, and in what form. This strategy also prepares students to quickly analyze writing prompts on assessments.

Afterward, lead students through the guidelines for selecting a topic and gathering details about it. Download and distribute the 5 W's and H chart to support student work at the bottom of the page.

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Using Time Order and Creating Dialogue

Download and distribute the time line to help students organize the events of their narratives. Let them know that, though the events should appear in time order, they should also build on one another to a high point in the action. In other words, the time line is just a skeleton for their narratives. (It's not just, "This happened . . . then this did . . . then this other thing.") Students need to add flesh and breathe life into the series of events so that they amount to a significant experience.

Also, help students to recreate the dialogue. Of course, they probably did not literally record what anyone said, but they remember the gist. Let them know that word-for-word accuracy is less important in a personal narrative than faithfully recounting what happened. (Of course, students writing for a news source must be much more precise when quoting sources.)

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Writing: Drafting the Beginning, Middle, and Ending

When students are ready to draft their personal narratives, support them with the guidelines on this page.

Point out that the beginning needs to grab readers' attention, orient them to the situation, and set up the problem or question. That's a lot of work for one paragraph to do, but skilled narrative writers pull it off.

The guidelines for the middle list some of the greatest storytelling tools for writers. Encourage students to include all of them in this draft, experimenting. (They can always, cut, reorder, rework, or remove later. Now's the time to lay out all of the possibilities.)

The ending needs to leave readers with a lasting impression, a feeling that they are glad they read the narrative.

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Page 152 from Write Ahead

Revising: Improving Your Writing

After student complete their first drafts, present the material on this page as a minilesson to strengthen time-order transitions.

Then download and distribute the Narrative Revising Checklist to support students as they make other changes to their writing. Also provide students the Response Sheet to help them provide constructive revision suggestions to their peers.

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Editing: Checking for Correctness

After students finish revising their narratives (making large-scale changes to ideas, organization, voice, words, and sentences), they can begin editing (making smale-scale changes to conventions).

Present the material on this page as a minilesson about correctly punctuating dialogue. For more support, direct students to the "Proofreader's Guide" on pages 468 and 478–479.

Afterward, provide the Narrative Editing Checklist to help guide students' refinements.

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Page 154 from Write Ahead

Evaluating Narrative Writing

Provide students this rubric when it comes time to evaluate their writing. (Actually, it would be best to point students to this rubric before they even begin, so that they understand how their work will be graded.) Give them a rating scale, perhaps 1 (Not at all) to 6 (Completely). Adding up the scores and multiplying by 3 gives a percentage score (with the possibility of 108 points, which is an A+ or gives 8 points of extra credit.) Download and distribute the Narrative Assessment Rubric, which uses the traits of effective writing (just as the revising and editing checklists did).

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